All about extracurricular activities: the definitive guide

Extracurricular activities have become a fundamental part of the lives of children and young people, complementing their formal education and providing endless benefits for their integral development. They help improve their social skills, stimulate new learning, give them greater autonomy, among many other benefits.

In recent years, they have become more prominent, since they not only allow students to develop in a more relaxed environment, related to enjoyment, but also give them greater flexibility, as they can select from a myriad of options and sign up for the activity that most interests them. From sports and academics to art, culture or nature, allowing them to explore their interests and passions.

At the same time, parents often use them as a resource during their workdays. In this way, their children are enriched and have a great time while they work.

Below, we explore everything you need to know about after-school activities: what they are. How to manage them effectively, how they influence school learning, the regulations that frame them, their benefits and recommended activities by age.

What is meant by extracurricular activities?

As Navarro indicates in his article “Extracurricular activities are those that take place inside or outside the school and are not part of the curriculum. They are those aimed at enhancing the comprehensive training of students in aspects related to the expansion of their cultural horizon, preparation for their integration into society or the use of their free time”.

It should be noted that extracurricular activities are carried out outside school hours, complementing formal education, and are voluntary, i.e. each family or child can decide whether to do them or not. At the same time, it is extremely important that children do not feel or have the obligation to participate in these activities, but that they are the ones who choose them, so that their impact is positive.

There are various types of extracurricular activities, which can be recreational, sports, cultural or academic, and are designed to develop skills that are not always addressed in the traditional classroom. From sports such as soccer or basketball, to art workshops, theater, music, robotics, programming, languages, among others, the options are wide and diverse.

How should extracurricular activities be managed?

The management of after-school activities is crucial to ensure that your children can enjoy and make the most of these experiences, guaranteeing a safe and enriching environment. For example, without feeling it as an obligation, as mentioned above, to favor their development and maximize their benefits.

Here are some key tips:

• Balance: It is essential not to overload children’s schedules with too many activities. The American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry suggests that too many commitments can interfere with study and family time. It is advisable to find a balance between extracurricular activities, academic responsibilities and free time for rest and play, so that children do not become overtired. At the same time, it is important to monitor children on a daily basis and evaluate how they are feeling in order to make adjustments if necessary.
• Involve children in the choice: Activities should align with the interests and passions of children and youth. Listening to their preferences and allowing them to try different activities will help them find what they really enjoy and what motivates them, with extracurriculars being a place of enjoyment that they want to attend and not skip.
• Organization and planning: It is essential to plan the calendar of activities in a way that avoids schedule conflicts or a very tight agenda. Every family is different, just as every child has different schedules and needs, so it is essential to adapt to their needs and reality. It is also important to take into account transportation times, if any, and an intermediate time to do homework, rest, play, among others.
• Communication with the school and other parents: Maintaining fluid communication with the school and other parents can facilitate organization, especially when it comes to activities involving groups or teams.

Who organizes extracurricular activities?

Now, who is responsible for planning, coordinating and carrying out extracurricular activities? To tell the truth, extracurricular activities can be organized by different entities, each family will be able to choose the one that best suits their needs.

• Educational centers: Many schools and colleges organize extracurricular activities within their facilities, facilitating student participation in a familiar and safe environment. Through structured programs, schools offer a variety of options, from sports to science or arts clubs, ensuring that students have access to enriching after-school elective activities. The coordinators of these after-school activities are usually teachers or dedicated staff who work closely with the school administration.
• Municipalities and public agencies: In some localities, municipalities organize sports, cultural and recreational activities open to all children and youth in the community. One of the great advantages of programs organized by municipalities is their focus on accessibility, ensuring that all families have access to enriching activities without incurring large costs.
• Academies, schools and private clubs: There are academies or specialized schools and sports clubs that offer more specific or advanced extracurricular activities. They usually focus on specific areas such as languages, music, art, science or technology. The quality of teaching is one of their main attractions, as they have highly qualified staff and advanced resources, as well as specializing in extracurriculars, workshops, and often camps or weekend options. Private academies offer flexibility in class schedules and modalities, including online options.
• Parents’ Associations (AMPAs): In some cases, AMPAs are responsible for organizing and coordinating extracurricular activities. These associations work closely with schools to identify needs and interests within the school community. They organize everything from recreational activities to educational events that involve the whole family.

What law regulates complementary and extracurricular activities in Andalusia?

Extracurricular activities, conducted outside school hours, are often regulated by law to ensure that they are carried out safely and appropriately. Depending on the country, region, province or type of school, there are specific rules that both the schools and the people providing the activities must follow.

For example, in some cases, the professionals in charge of these activities must have specific training or be accredited. In addition, there are rules to ensure safe environments for children.

In Andalusia, complementary and extracurricular activities are regulated by Law 17/2007, of December 10, 2007, on Education in Andalusia. This law seeks to ensure that these activities are not only a source of entertainment and learning, but also a safe and quality environment for children, giving parents peace of mind that their children are participating in activities that are regulated and protected by law. Some of its most important aspects are:

• Quality of organization and staff: According to Law 17/2007, after-school activities must be organized by persons or entities that have the necessary training and capacity. This ensures that those who provide the activities are prepared to work with children and young people. monitors and teachers must have the appropriate training, which includes not only knowledge in the activity they teach, but also skills in dealing with minors.
• Safety and well-being of participants: Activities must take place in facilities that are safe and appropriate for the age and needs of the children. This includes everything from gymnasiums and playgrounds to classrooms and art rooms, and it is mandatory that activities have liability insurance to cover any incidents that may occur during the activities. In addition, there must be clear protocols for action in case of emergencies, such as accidents or risk situations.
• Transparency and communication with parents: Organizers are required to provide detailed information about the activity. This includes the content of the activity, schedules, costs, and any other relevant conditions. Families have the right to know who will be responsible for the activity and what their training and experience is.
• Accessibility and inclusion: The law encourages extracurricular activities to be accessible to all children, regardless of their circumstances, while promoting equal opportunities. This includes adapting activities for children with special educational needs.
• Evaluation and supervision: Extracurricular activities may be subject to inspection and supervision by educational authorities to ensure that they comply with established regulations. Activity organizers must be registered and authorized to operate.

Extracurricular activities should be voluntary and non-discriminatory, promoting the integral development of students and ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to participate.

Laws and decrees on Extracurricular Activities in Andalusia:

• Organic Law 8/1985, of July 3, 1985, regulating the Right to Education: This law establishes the basic aspects related to complementary and extracurricular activities in educational centers. It defines that these activities must be voluntary and non-profit, guaranteeing that all students have equal access. In addition, it grants the educational administrations the power to develop the regulations governing these activities.
• Law 17/2007, of December 10, 2007, on Education in Andalusia: Complementing the Organic Law, this specific Andalusian law includes extracurricular activities within the general education program. Thus, educational centers can offer additional services outside school hours, which facilitates a more complete and flexible education.
• Decree 622/2019, of December 27: This decree establishes the principles of electronic administration and simplification of procedures in the Junta de Andalucía. It also applies to the procedure for the authorization of complementary and extracurricular school activities, seeking to make the management of these activities more accessible and transparent.
• Order of September 9, 1997: Establishes specific aspects regarding the organization and operation of subsidized private schools, ensuring that complementary and extracurricular activities are carried out in an organized manner and in compliance with educational standards.

When is it recommended to start extracurricular activities?

There is no specific age to start extracurricular activities, but it is recommended to introduce them gradually and according to the child’s development and interests. For the youngest children (3 to 5 years old), it is ideal to opt for activities that encourage play, socialization and motor development, which do not require effort or demand rules. As they get older, children can explore more structured and specialized activities that align with their emerging interests.

Before the age of 6: Experts such as neuropsychologist Álvaro Bilbao and child psychologist Mª Ángeles Sánchez agree that free play should be the main occupation of children under the age of 6. This type of play encourages curiosity, exploration and the development of essential cognitive skills.

Ages 6 and up: Once children turn 6, it is advisable to begin exploring more structured after-school activities. This is the ideal time to get them involved in team sports, music or art classes, and other activities that promote socialization and learning specific skills. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry suggests that at this age, children can begin to participate in activities that allow them to develop discipline and teamwork, such as martial arts, technology classes or soccer.

How do extracurricular activities affect school learning?

Extracurricular activities play a fundamental role in the integral development of students. The impact of extracurricular activities on school performance has been the subject of debate and study for years.

According to Navarro’s study (2014), these activities, whether sporting, artistic or academic, contribute significantly to the formation of children’s character and social skills. Participating in activities such as team sports or book clubs not only helps them develop specific skills, but also teaches them to work in groups, manage their time and set goals.

Extracurricular activities have a positive impact on academic performance. Research conducted by UCUENCA indicates that after-school activities can improve academic performance by fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Children who participate in activities such as math clubs or reading workshops tend to develop a better understanding of academic concepts and a greater ability to apply what they learn in real situations.

Students who participate in extracurricular activities, which encourage the development of skills such as responsibility, discipline, frustration tolerance, organization, among others, learn to prioritize their responsibilities, set goals and manage their time effectively, which can lead to greater efficiency in their studies .

In turn, involving children in extracurricular activities can also help reduce stress and improve their well-being. Sports activities, for example, are known to release anxiety-reducing endorphins, which contribute to a more positive and receptive state of mind for learning.

By finding a healthy balance between sports and school, students can experience both physical and mental benefits from physical activity, contributing to overall well-being and lasting academic success.

In addition, participation in arts and cultural activities can foster greater self-esteem and self-expression, helping students feel more confident and motivated in their school environment.

As mentioned, it is essential to find a healthy balance between extracurriculars and school, leaving time for family, play, rest and leisure. Overloading extracurriculars can have a positive impact on academic performance, as children may spend less time on homework.

Find out how sports activities specifically impact academic performance.

Bibliography:

American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (2017): Afterschool Activities: Striking the Right Balance.

Crecer: Child psychology office: After-school activities, yes or no?

Junta de Andalucía (2021): Regulations for extracurricular activities – Official Bulletin of the Junta de Andalucía

Navarro, G. M. (2014). Complementary services and complementary and extracurricular activities: an educational-formative need. Orellana Calderón, A. R. and Villa Tenaseca, F. A. – Universidad UCUENCA (2022): Extracurricular activities and their help in school learning.